1. High upfront cost & long payback
- “It would take ~20 years for a heat pump to recover its install cost alone.” — thrownthatway
- “More than twice the initial cost” — cenamus
2. Installation & drilling hurdles
- “Drilling alone is €10,000. The whole installation of an air‑water heat pump is €10,000. Mostly not worth it.” — wattso
3. Climate‑specific performance
- “Ground source heat pumps have been the most common choice for heating new single‑family homes in Finland for the last ~20 years.” — jltsiren
4. Policy, incentives & rental barriers
- “The only way to get around this is making heat pumps more accessible (easy to get, financing options), as well as legislation (banning gas/oil heating).” — joe_mamba